matrix() - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

The matrix() CSS function defines a homogeneous 2D transformation matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Note: matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty) is a shorthand for matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1).

Syntax

The matrix() function is specified with six values. The constant values are implied and not passed as parameters; the other parameters are described in the column-major order.

Note: Until Firefox 16, Gecko accepted a <length> value for tx and ty.

matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)

Values

a b c d: Are <number>s describing the linear transformation.
tx ty: Are <number>s describing the translation to apply.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ²	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ²	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ³	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ³
$(\begin{matrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} a & c & 0 & tx \\ b & d & 0 & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$
$(\begin{matrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{matrix})$	`[a b c d tx ty]`

The values represent the following functions:
matrix( scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY() )

Examples

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="changed">Changed</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.changed {
  transform: matrix(1, 2, -1, 1, 80, 80);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Transforms Level 1 The definition of 'matrix()' in that specification.	Working Draft	Initial definition

Browser compatibility

Please see the <transform-function> data type for compatibility info.