The transition-timing-function
CSS property sets how intermediate values are calculated for CSS properties being affected by a transition effect.
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This, in essence, lets you establish an acceleration curve so that the speed of the transition can vary over its duration.
This acceleration curve is defined using one <timing-function>
for each property to be transitioned.
You may specify multiple timing functions; each one will be applied to the corresponding property as specified by the transition-property
property, which acts as a transition-property
list. If there are fewer timing functions specified than in the transition-property
list, the user agent must calculate which value is used by repeating the list of values until there is one for each transition property. If there are more timing functions, the list is simply truncated to the right size. In both cases, the CSS declaration stays valid.
Syntax
/* Keyword values */ transition-timing-function: ease; transition-timing-function: ease-in; transition-timing-function: ease-out; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; transition-timing-function: linear; transition-timing-function: step-start; transition-timing-function: step-end; /* Function values */ transition-timing-function: steps(4, jump-end); transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1.0, 0.1); /* Steps Function keywords */ transition-timing-function: steps(4, jump-start); transition-timing-function: steps(10, jump-end); transition-timing-function: steps(20, jump-none); transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both); transition-timing-function: steps(6, start); transition-timing-function: steps(8, end); /* Multiple timing functions */ transition-timing-function: ease, step-start, cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1.0, 0.1); /* Global values */ transition-timing-function: inherit; transition-timing-function: initial; transition-timing-function: unset;
Values
<timing-function>
- Each
<timing-function>
represents the timing function to link to the corresponding property to transition, as defined intransition-property
.The non-step keyword values (ease, linear, ease-in-out, etc.) each represent cubic BΓ©zier curve with fixed four point values, with the cubic-bezier() function value allowing for a non-predefined value. The step timing functions divides the input time into a specified number of intervals that are equal in length. It is defined by a number of steps and a step position.
ease
- Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0)
, the default value, increases in velocity towards the middle of the transition, slowing back down at the end. linear
- Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
, transitions at an even speed. ease-in
- Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0)
, starts off slowly, with the transition speed increasing until complete. ease-out
- Equal to
cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0)
, starts transitioning quickly, slowing down the transition continues. β’ ease-in-out
- Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0)
, starts transitioning slowly, speeds up, and then slows down again. cubic-bezier(p1, p2, p3, p4)
- An author defined cubic-Bezier curve, where the p1 and p3 values must be in the range of 0 to 1.
steps( n, <jumpterm>)
- Displays the transition along n stops along the transition, displaying each stop for equal lengths of time. For example, if n is 5, there are 5 steps. Whether the transition holds temporarily at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, on the 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, or makes 5 stops between the 0% and 100% along the transition, or makes 5 stops including the 0% and 100% marks (on the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) depends on which of the following jump terms is used:
jump-start
- Denotes a left-continuous function, so that the first jump happens when the transition begins;
jump-end
- Denotes a right-continuous function, so that the last jump happens when the animation ends;
jump-none
- There is no jump on either end. Instead, holding at both the 0% mark and the 100% mark, each for 1/n of the duration
jump-both
- Includes pauses at both the 0% and 100% marks, effectively adding a step during the transition time.
start
- Same as
jump-start.
end
- Same as
jump-end.
step-start
- Equal to
steps(1, jump-start)
step-end
- Equal to
steps(1, jump-end)
Accessibility concerns
Some animations can be helpful such as to guide users to understand what actions are expected, to show relationships within the user interface, and to inform users as to what actions have occurred. Animations can help reduce cognitive load, prevent change blindness, and establish better recall in spatial relationships. However, some animations can be problematic for people with cognitive concerns such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and certain kinds of motion can be a trigger for Vestibular disorders, epilepsy, and migraine and Scotopic sensitivity.
Consider providing a mechanism for pausing or disabling animation, as well as using the Reduced Motion Media Query to create a complimentary experience for users who have expressed a preference for no animated experiences.
Formal definition
Initial value | ease |
---|---|
Applies to | all elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements |
Inherited | no |
Computed value | as specified |
Animation type | discrete |
Formal syntax
<timing-function>#where
<timing-function> = linear | <cubic-bezier-timing-function> | <step-timing-function>
where
<cubic-bezier-timing-function> = ease | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(<number <a href="/docs/CSS/Value_definition_syntax#Brackets" title="Brackets: enclose several entities, combinators, and multipliers to transform them as a single component">[0,1]>, <number>, <number <a href="/docs/CSS/Value_definition_syntax#Brackets" title="Brackets: enclose several entities, combinators, and multipliers to transform them as a single component">[0,1]>, <number>)
<step-timing-function> = step-start | step-end | steps(<integer>[, <step-position>]?)where
<step-position> = jump-start | jump-end | jump-none | jump-both | start | end
Examples
Cubic-Bezier examples
<div class="parent"> <div class="ease">ease</div> <div class="easein">ease-in</div> <div class="easeout">ease-out</div> <div class="easeinout">ease-in-out</div> <div class="linear">linear</div> <div class="cb">cubic-bezier(0.2,-2,0.8,2)</div> </div>
.parent {} .parent > div[class] { width: 12em; min-width: 12em; margin-bottom: 4px; background-color: black; border: 1px solid red; color: white; transition-property: all; transition-duration: 7s; } .parent > div.box1{ width: 90vw; min-width: 24em; background-color: magenta; color: yellow; border: 1px solid orange; transition-property: all; transition-duration: 2s; }
function updateTransition() { var els = document.querySelectorAll(".parent > div[class]"); for(var c = els.length, i = 0; i < c; i++) { els[i].classList.toggle("box1"); } } var intervalID = window.setInterval(updateTransition, 10000);
.ease { transition-timing-function: ease; } .easein { transition-timing-function: ease-in; } .easeout { transition-timing-function: ease-out; } .easeinout { transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; } .linear { transition-timing-function: linear; } .cb { transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.2,-2,0.8,2); }
Step examples
<div class="parent"> <div class="jump-start">jump-start</div> <div class="jump-end">jump-end</div> <div class="jump-both">jump-both</div> <div class="jump-none">jump-none</div> <div class="step-start">step-start</div> <div class="step-end">step-end</div> </div>
.parent {} .parent > div[class] { width: 12em; min-width: 12em; margin-bottom: 4px; background-color: black; border: 1px solid red; color: white; transition-property: all; transition-duration:7s; } .parent > div.box1{ width: 90vw; min-width: 24em; background-color: magenta; color: yellow; border: 1px solid orange; transition-property: all; transition-duration:2s; }
function updateTransition() { var els = document.querySelectorAll(".parent > div[class]"); for(var c = els.length, i = 0; i < c; i++) { els[i].classList.toggle("box1"); } } var intervalID = window.setInterval(updateTransition, 10000);
.jump-start { transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-start); } .jump-end { transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-end); } .jump-none { transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-none); } .jump-both { transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both); } .step-start { transition-timing-function: step-start; } .step-end { transition-timing-function: step-end; }
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
CSS Transitions The definition of 'transition-timing-function' in that specification. |
Working Draft | Initial definition |
Browser compatibility
Desktop | Mobile | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transition-timing-function | Chrome
Full support
26
| Edge
Full support
12
| Firefox
Full support
16
| IE
Full support
10
| Opera
Full support
12.1
| Safari
Full support
9
| WebView Android
Full support
β€37
| Chrome Android
Full support
26
| Firefox Android
Full support
16
| Opera Android
Full support
12.1
| Safari iOS
Full support
9
| Samsung Internet Android
Full support
1.5
|
jump- keywords for steps() | Chrome Full support 77 | Edge Full support 79 | Firefox Full support 65 | IE No support No | Opera No support No | Safari No support No | WebView Android Full support 77 | Chrome Android Full support 77 | Firefox Android Full support 65 | Opera Android Full support 55 | Safari iOS No support No | Samsung Internet Android No support No |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- No support
- No support
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.
- Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.