CSP: navigate-to

The HTTP Content-Security-Policy (CSP) navigate-to directive restricts the URLs to which a document can initiate navigations by any means including <form> (if form-action is not specified), <a>, window.location, window.open, etc. This is an enforcement on what navigations this document initiates not on what this document is allowed to navigate to.

Note: If the form-action directive is present, the navigate-to directive will not act on navigations that are form submissions.

CSP version 3
Directive type Navigation directive
default-src fallback No. Not setting this allows anything.

Syntax

One or more sources can be set for the navigate-to policy:

Content-Security-Policy: navigate-to <source>;
Content-Security-Policy: navigate-to <source> <source>;

Sources

<source> can be one of the following:

<host-source>
Internet hosts by name or IP address, as well as an optional URL scheme and/or port number. The site's address may include an optional leading wildcard (the asterisk character, '*'), and you may use a wildcard (again, '*') as the port number, indicating that all legal ports are valid for the source.
Examples:
  • http://*.example.com: Matches all attempts to load from any subdomain of example.com using the http: URL scheme.
  • mail.example.com:443: Matches all attempts to access port 443 on mail.example.com.
  • https://store.example.com: Matches all attempts to access store.example.com using https:.
  • *.example.com: Matches all attempts to load from any subdomain of example.com using the current protocol.
<scheme-source>
A scheme such as http: or https:. The colon is required. Unlike other values below, single quotes shouldn't be used. You can also specify data schemes (not recommended).
  • data: Allows data: URIs to be used as a content source. This is insecure; an attacker can also inject arbitrary data: URIs. Use this sparingly and definitely not for scripts.
  • mediastream: Allows mediastream: URIs to be used as a content source.
  • blob: Allows blob: URIs to be used as a content source.
  • filesystem: Allows filesystem: URIs to be used as a content source.
'self'
Refers to the origin from which the protected document is being served, including the same URL scheme and port number. You must include the single quotes. Some browsers specifically exclude blob and filesystem from source directives. Sites needing to allow these content types can specify them using the Data attribute.
'unsafe-eval'
Allows the use of eval() and similar methods for creating code from strings. You must include the single quotes.
'unsafe-hashes'
Allows enabling specific inline event handlers. If you only need to allow inline event handlers and not inline <script> elements or javascript: URLs, this is a safer method than using the unsafe-inline expression.
'unsafe-inline'
Allows the use of inline resources, such as inline <script> elements, javascript: URLs, inline event handlers, and inline <style> elements. The single quotes are required.
'none'
Refers to the empty set; that is, no URLs match. The single quotes are required.
'nonce-<base64-value>'
An allow-list for specific inline scripts using a cryptographic nonce (number used once). The server must generate a unique nonce value each time it transmits a policy. It is critical to provide an unguessable nonce, as bypassing a resource’s policy is otherwise trivial. See unsafe inline script for an example. Specifying nonce makes a modern browser ignore 'unsafe-inline' which could still be set for older browsers without nonce support.
'<hash-algorithm>-<base64-value>'
A sha256, sha384 or sha512 hash of scripts or styles. The use of this source consists of two portions separated by a dash: the encryption algorithm used to create the hash and the base64-encoded hash of the script or style. When generating the hash, don't include the <script> or <style> tags and note that capitalization and whitespace matter, including leading or trailing whitespace. See unsafe inline script for an example. In CSP 2.0, this applied only to inline scripts. CSP 3.0 allows it in the case of script-src for external scripts.
'strict-dynamic'
The strict-dynamic source expression specifies that the trust explicitly given to a script present in the markup, by accompanying it with a nonce or a hash, shall be propagated to all the scripts loaded by that root script. At the same time, any allow-list or source expressions such as 'self' or 'unsafe-inline' are ignored. See script-src for an example.
'report-sample'
Requires a sample of the violating code to be included in the violation report.

Examples

Meta tag configuration

<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="navigate-to 'none'">

Violation case

Using a <form> element with an action set to inline JavaScript will result in a CSP violation.

<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="navigate-to 'none'">

<form action="javascript:alert('Foo')" id="form1" method="post">
  <input type="text" name="fieldName" value="fieldValue">
  <input type="submit" id="submit" value="submit">
</form>

Specifications

Specification Status Comment
Content Security Policy Level 3
The definition of 'navigate-to' in that specification.
Working Draft Initial definition.

Browser compatibility

DesktopMobile
ChromeEdgeFirefoxInternet ExplorerOperaSafariAndroid webviewChrome for AndroidFirefox for AndroidOpera for AndroidSafari on iOSSamsung Internet
navigate-to
Experimental
Chrome No support NoEdge No support NoFirefox No support NoIE No support NoOpera No support NoSafari No support NoWebView Android No support NoChrome Android No support NoFirefox Android No support NoOpera Android No support NoSafari iOS No support NoSamsung Internet Android No support No

Legend

No support
No support
Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.
Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.

See also