Breadcrumb navigation helps the user to understand their location in the website by providing a breadcrumb trail back to the start page.
Requirements
The items typically display inline with a separator to indicate a hierarchy between individual pages.
Recipe
Note: The example above uses two selectors to insert content before every li
except the first one. This could also be achieved using one selector only:
.breadcrumb li:not(:first-child)::before {
content: "→";
}
This solution uses a more complex selector, but requires less rules. Feel free to choose the solution that you prefer.
Choices made
This pattern is laid out using a simple flex layout demonstrating how a line of CSS can give us our navigation. The separators are added using CSS Generated Content. You could change these to any separator that you like.
Accessibility concerns
I have used the aria-label
and aria-current
attributes to help users understand what this navigation is and where the current page is in the structure. See the related links for more information.
Browser compatibility
The various layout methods have different browser support. See the charts below for details on basic support for the properties used.
Flexbox
| Desktop | Mobile |
---|
| Chrome | Edge | Firefox | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari | Android webview | Chrome for Android | Firefox for Android | Opera for Android | Safari on iOS | Samsung Internet |
---|
flex | Chrome
Full support
29-
Full support
29
-
Full support
21
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
| Edge
Full support
12-
Full support
12
-
Full support
12
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
| Firefox
Full support
20-
Full support
20
- Notes Since Firefox 28, multi-line flexbox is supported.
- Notes Before Firefox 32, Firefox wasn't able to animate values starting or stopping at
0 . - Notes Until Firefox 61, flex items that are sized according to their content are sized using
fit-content , not max-content . -
No support
18 — 28
- Disabled From version 18 until version 28 (exclusive): this feature is behind the
layout.css.flexbox.enabled preference (needs to be set to true ). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config. -
Full support
49
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
-
Full support
48
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
- Disabled From version 48: this feature is behind the
layout.css.prefixes.webkit preference (needs to be set to true ). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.
| IE
Full support
11-
Full support
11
- Notes Internet Explorer 11 ignores uses of
calc() in the flex-basis part of the flex syntax. This can be worked around by using the longhand properties instead of the shorthand. See Flexbug #8 for more info. - Notes Internet Explorer 11 considers a unitless value in the
flex-basis part to be syntactically invalid (and will thus be ignored). A workaround is to always include a unit in the flex-basis part of the flex shorthand value. See Flexbug #4 for more info. -
Full support
10
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-
- Notes Internet Explorer 10 and 11 ignore uses of
calc() in the flex-basis part of the flex syntax. This can be worked around by using the longhand properties instead of the shorthand. See Flexbug #8 for more info. - Notes Internet Explorer 10 and 11 consider a unitless value in the
flex-basis part to be syntactically invalid (and will thus be ignored). A workaround is to always include a unit in the flex-basis part of the flex shorthand value. See Flexbug #4 for more info.
| Opera
Full support
12.1 | Safari
Full support
9-
Full support
9
-
Full support
6.1
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
| WebView Android
Full support
4.4-
Full support
4.4
-
Full support
≤37
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
| Chrome Android
Full support
29-
Full support
29
-
Full support
25
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
| Firefox Android
Full support
20-
Full support
20
- Notes Since Firefox 28, multi-line flexbox is supported.
- Notes Before Firefox 32, Firefox wasn't able to animate values starting or stopping at
0 . - Notes Until Firefox 61, flex items that are sized according to their content are sized using fit-content, not max-content.
-
No support
18 — 28
- Disabled From version 18 until version 28 (exclusive): this feature is behind the
layout.css.flexbox.enabled preference (needs to be set to true ). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config. -
Full support
49
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
-
Full support
48
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
- Disabled From version 48: this feature is behind the
layout.css.prefixes.webkit preference (needs to be set to true ). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.
| Opera Android
Full support
12.1 | Safari iOS
Full support
9-
Full support
9
-
Full support
7
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
| Samsung Internet Android
Full support
2.0-
Full support
2.0
-
Full support
1.5
- Prefixed Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
|
---|
Legend
-
Full support
- Full support
- See implementation notes.
- See implementation notes.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.
- Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.
See also