minmax()

The minmax() CSS function defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max. It is used with CSS Grids.

Syntax

/* <inflexible-breadth>, <track-breadth> values */
minmax(200px, 1fr)
minmax(400px, 50%)
minmax(30%, 300px)
minmax(100px, max-content)
minmax(min-content, 400px)
minmax(max-content, auto)
minmax(auto, 300px)
minmax(min-content, auto)

/* <fixed-breadth>, <track-breadth> values */
minmax(200px, 1fr)
minmax(30%, 300px)
minmax(400px, 50%)
minmax(50%, min-content)
minmax(300px, max-content)
minmax(200px, auto)

/* <inflexible-breadth>, <fixed-breadth> values */
minmax(400px, 50%)
minmax(30%, 300px)
minmax(min-content, 200px)
minmax(max-content, 200px)
minmax(auto, 300px)

A function taking two parameters, min and max.

Each parameter can be a <length>, a <percentage>, a <flex> value, or one of the keyword values max-content, min-content, or auto.

If max < min, then max is ignored and minmax(min,max) is treated as min. As a maximum, a <flex> value sets the flex factor of a grid track; it is invalid as a minimum.

Values

<length>

A non-negative length.

<percentage>

A non-negative percentage relative to the inline size of the grid container in column grid tracks, and the block size of the grid container in row grid tracks. If the size of the grid container depends on the size of its tracks, then the <percentage> must be treated as auto. The user agent may adjust the intrinsic size contributions of the track to the size of the grid container and increase the final size of the track by the minimum amount that would result in honoring the percentage.

<flex>

A non-negative dimension with the unit fr specifying the track’s flex factor. Each <flex>-sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor.

max-content

Represents the largest max-content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.

min-content

Represents the largest min-content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.

auto

As a maximum, identical to max-content. As a minimum it represents the largest minimum size (as specified by min-width/min-height) of the grid items occupying the grid track.

Formal syntax

minmax( [ <length> | <percentage> | min-content | max-content | auto ] , [ <length> | <percentage> | <flex> | min-content | max-content | auto ] )

CSS properties

minmax() function can be used within:

• grid-template-columns
• grid-template-rows
• grid-auto-columns
• grid-auto-rows

Examples

CSS

#container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(min-content, 300px) minmax(200px, 1fr) 150px;
  grid-gap: 5px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 200px;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #8cffa0;
  padding: 10px;
}

#container > div {
  background-color: #8ca0ff;
  padding: 5px;
}

HTML

<div id="container">
  <div>
    Item as wide as the content, but at most 300 pixels.
  </div>
  <div>
    Item with flexible width but a minimum of 200 pixels.
  </div>
  <div>
    Inflexible item of 150 pixels width.
  </div>
</div>

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Grid Layout Guide: Basic concepts of grid layout - track sizing with minmax()
• CSS grids, logical values and writing modes

• Video tutorial: Introducing minmax()